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About this paper symposium
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| Panel 17. Race, Ethnicity, Culture, Context |
| Paper #1 | |
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| Prospective associations of neighborhood environment with adolescent sleep duration: A Bayesian causal analysis | |
| Author information | Role |
| Li Niu, Ph.D., Beijing Normal University, China | Presenting author |
| Luyao Tan, Peking University, China | Non-presenting author |
| Yijie Wang, Michigan State University, United States | Non-presenting author |
| Yan Li, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China | Non-presenting author |
| Abstract | |
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Introduction The neighborhood environment plays a significant role in shaping adolescent sleep. Growing research shows that neighborhood socioeconomic, social, and physical disadvantages negatively impact adolescent sleep (Mayne et al., 2021). However, individual and household characteristics (e.g., socioeconomic status, race, and ethnicity) can influence both where people live and their sleep outcomes. This study uses Bayesian causal analysis to control for these confounders by matching participants from disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged neighborhoods based on similar characteristics. As such, this study aims to isolate and estimate the causal impact of neighborhood socioeconomic, social, and physical disadvantage on objectively measured sleep duration over two years. Moreover, although the transition to adolescence is marked by significant sleep changes—particularly with girls and youth who are further along in pubertal development being more vulnerable to insufficient sleep—only a few studies have examined the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and sleep during this period (Hoyt et al., 2018; Giddens et al., 2022) and no studies have simultaneously assessed the roles of sex and pubertal development in this association. Thus, a second aim of this study is to determine if neighborhood effects vary by biological sex and pubertal status. Methods The longitudinal prospective study analyzed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, a large cohort of children and adolescents recruited from 21 U.S. study sites. This study included 5045 participants (Mage = 9.96, SD = 0.62 years) whose sleep were recorded using Fitbit wearable devices at ages 11–12 years. We assessed six neighborhood features at baseline across socioeconomic (income, area deprivation index), social (safety, cohesion), and physical environment (air pollution, noise) domains. Sleep duration was recorded over 21 days at the 2-year follow-up. We used Bayesian casual forests (BCF) analysis, a machine-learning algorithm, to rigorously estimate how living in disadvantaged neighborhoods affects adolescent sleep duration two years later compared to less disadvantaged neighborhoods, while accounting for a comprehensive set of factors that influence neighborhood selection. BCF estimates both average treatment effects (ATEs; direct effects of neighborhood factors) and conditional neighborhood effects by sex and pubertal status. Results Results showed that living neighborhoods characterized by low income (ATE = -0.08, 90% CI = [-0.14, -0.02]), high air pollution (ATE = -0.065, 90% CI = [-0.12, -0.01]), and high noise (ATE = -0.13, 90% CI = [-0.19, -0.07]) predicted shorter sleep two years later. Neighborhood cohesion (ATE = -0.01, 90% CI = [-0.05, 0.02]) and neighborhood safety (ATE = -0.002, 90% CI = [-0.04, 0.02]) did not significantly predict adolescent sleep. We also found larger neighborhood effects in boys than in girls, suggesting greater susceptibility to neighborhood environment in boys. We found limited moderation effects by pubertal status. Conclusion These findings underscore the importance of neighborhood context in adolescent sleep health. These insights can inform policymakers and community planners to design interventions aimed at improving neighborhood environments, thereby supporting sleep health for adolescents. This study highlights the critical intersection of environmental factors and developmental stages, emphasizing the need for holistic health promotion strategies. |
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| Paper #2 | |
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| Associations between Neighborhood Deprivation, Mental Health, and Sleep in Adolescents: Insights from the ABCD Study | |
| Author information | Role |
| Jinjin Yan, Ph.D., Fordham University, United States | Presenting author |
| Youchuan Zhang, Michigan State University, United States | Non-presenting author |
| Yijie Wang, Michigan State University, United States | Non-presenting author |
| Zhenqiang Zhao, Fordham University, United States | Non-presenting author |
| Mengrun Zhang, Fordham University, United States | Non-presenting author |
| Heining Cham, Fordham University, United States | Non-presenting author |
| Tiffany Yip, Fordham University, United States | Non-presenting author |
| Abstract | |
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Introduction Studies consistently demonstrate that neighborhood disadvantages—such as safety concerns and socioeconomic inequity—function as contextual stressors, negatively impacting various aspects of adolescent adjustment, including mental health and sleep health (Visser et al., 2021). However, it remains unclear how the influence of neighborhoods transfers from one health domain to another. The existing scholarship has suggested two hypotheses regarding the interrelationships among stress, sleep, and mental health. The downstream hypothesis (Yip et al., 2020) posits that sleep serves as a key health indicator directly affected by stress and indirectly influenced by mental health. Conversely, the upstream hypothesis (Barber, 2014) considers sleep as a mediating factor in the link between stress and mental health. Informed by these two hypotheses, the current study unpacks the mechanisms through which neighborhood influences sleep and mental health. Unpacking these associations is essential as it will help us better understand the mechanisms through which neighborhoods influence development across various domains, while also helping to identify more effective strategies for improving mental and sleep health. This study investigates whether mental health mediates in the longitudinal relations between neighborhood deprivation and adolescent sleep, and whether sleep mediates in the association between neighborhood area deprivation and mental health. Methods The present study included 3953 participants (Mage = 9.48, SD = 0.50 years) from the ABCD study. We utilized area deprivation index (ADI) at the baseline level, adolescent-reported mental health (i.e., internalizing problems) at the two-year (Y2) and four-year (Y4) follow-ups, and two aspects (i.e., mean level and variability) of actigraphy-measured sleep indicators (sleep duration and sleep efficiency) at the three-year follow-up. Structural equation models were conducted in Mplus 8.6 to examine the mediation models (Figure 1; the conceptual models). Results The results indicated that adolescents residing in highly deprived neighborhoods at baseline were more likely to report elevated levels of internalizing symptoms at Y2 follow-ups. These symptoms were then positively associated with shorter sleep duration and greater variability in sleep duration and sleep efficiency at Y3 follow-ups (Table 1). Furthermore, adolescents in high ADI neighborhoods at baseline tended to experience shorter sleep duration and greater variability in sleep efficiency at Y3 follow-ups. The disturbed sleep outcomes at Y3 follow-ups were then linked to higher levels of internalizing at Y4 follow-ups (Table 1). Conclusions This study considered the interplay between contextual stress (i.e., neighborhood deprivation), mental health, and sleep in early adolescents. The findings support both models—the upstream and downstream hypotheses, which sleep can function as either mediators or outcomes in the interplay between ADI and mental health. The findings have significant implications for developing targeted interventions that address the intertwined impacts of neighborhood deprivation on adolescent mental health and sleep, ultimately fostering adolescents’ healthier developmental outcomes in the U.S. Follow-up analyses will examine gender and ethnic-racial differences in the studied models. |
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| Paper #3 | |
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| Mediation of Neighborhood Toxicities on Racial/ethnic Disparities in Adolescent Sleep Duration: ABCD Study Findings | |
| Author information | Role |
| Youchuan Zhang, Michigan State University, United States | Presenting author |
| Daeun Kim, Michigan State University, United States | Non-presenting author |
| Mingjun Xie, Beijing Normal University, China | Non-presenting author |
| Caitlin Cavanagh, Michigan State University, United States | Non-presenting author |
| Jinjin Yan, Fordham University, United States | Non-presenting author |
| Yijie Wang, Michigan State University, United States | Non-presenting author |
| Abstract | |
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Background. Racially/ethnically minoritized adolescents are at higher risk for insufficient sleep than their non-Hispanic White peers, a condition consistently linked to developmental problems across physical health, mental health, cognition, and academic performance (Crowley et al., 2018; Galván, 2020). While research has shown that neighborhood environment influences sleep outcomes, there is limited understanding of how neighborhood environment contributes to racial/ethnic disparities in adolescent sleep. The limited research on neighborhood factors has mostly examined poverty or crime/safety concern (Mayne et al., 2021), leaving critical ambient factors that are particularly relevant to sleep health, such as air pollution, lead pollution, and noise, understudied. This study addresses this gap by focusing on two aspects of neighborhood disadvantages—ambient toxicities (i.e., harmful environmental factors) and social toxicities (i.e., harmful social factors)—and investigates how these factors mediate the association between race/ethnicity and sleep duration. This study integrated objective measures of sleep (via actigraphy) and neighborhood factors beyond self-reports. Methods This study utilized data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Race/ethnicity was reported by caregivers at baseline. Groups with decent sample sizes (i.e., White, Black, Latinx, Asian, Multiracial) were included. Sleep duration was assessed by Fitbit Charge HR over consecutive 21 days. Neighborhood ambient toxicities were assessed by census-tract-level lead risk score, the annual average of PM 2.5, and the average total sound level from 10pm to 7am from the ABCD geocode data. Social toxicities were assessed by the total number of crimes from the ABCD geocode data and adolescent-reported concerns about neighborhood safety. Covariates included sex assigned at birth, family socioeconomic status, neighborhood type (urban vs. rural). To assess the mediating effects of ambient toxicities and social toxicities beyond the influence of neighborhood poverty, neighborhood poverty was also included as a covariate. Results Path analyses were conducted in Mplus 8.8. A direct effects model (Table 1) showed that, compared to White adolescents, all racially/ethnically minoritized adolescents had shorter sleep duration. Both neighborhood ambient toxicities (air pollution, noise) and social toxicities (crimes, safety concern) were also associated with shorter sleep duration. The indirect effects model (see Figure 1) revealed that, compared to White adolescents, Black, Latinx, Asian, and Multiracial adolescents were more likely to reside in neighborhoods with higher levels of air pollution, noise, and crime, which were, in turn, associated with shorter sleep duration. Moreover, compared to White adolescents, Black and Latinx adolescents reported greater safety concerns, which were further linked to shorter sleep duration; this indirect effect was not significant for Asian or Multiracial adolescents. Conclusion The findings highlighted that both ambient toxicities, including air pollution and noise, as well as social toxicities, including crimes and safety concerns, contribute to and explain racial/ethnic disparities in adolescent sleep duration. These neighborhood factors are promising targets for intervention efforts aimed at addressing racial/ethnic disparities in sleep health. |
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Neighborhood Disadvantages and Adolescents’ Sleep Health in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study
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Paper Symposium
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| Session Title | Neighborhood Disadvantages and Adolescents’ Sleep Health in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study |