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About this paper symposium
| Panel information |
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| Panel 22. Social Relationships |
| Paper #1 | |
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| A Multi-Informant Investigation on Domain-General and Domain-Specific Associations Between Daily Parenting Lability and Adolescent Maladjustment | |
| Author information | Role |
| Dr. Dan Gao, University of Alberta, Canada | Presenting author |
| Kehan Li, University of Alberta, Canada | Non-presenting author |
| Yao Zheng, University of Alberta, Canada | Non-presenting author |
| Abstract | |
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Parenting lability describes the fluctuations in parenting behaviors around developmental trends over time (Fosco et al., 2019). Cumulative evidence generally suggests that higher parenting lability is associated with elevated internalizing and externalizing problems among adolescents (Lippold et al., 2021; Manczak et al., 2019). Extant studies nonetheless have primarily focused on selected parenting behaviors and adolescent maladjustment using single informant within each study, making it unclear whether the detrimental effects of parenting lability are domain-general or domain-specific for different parenting behaviors and adolescent maladjustment across the perspectives of multiple informants. Moreover, there remains scarce knowledge on child correlates of parenting lability, despite the well-established reciprocal associations between child behaviors and parenting (Cox & Paley, 2003; Paschall & Mastergeorge, 2016). Using a multi-informant daily diary design following parent–adolescent dyads consecutively over a month, this study aimed to explore daily lability in three parenting behaviors—psychological control, parental discipline, and positive parenting—and their reciprocal relations to both adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems. We hypothesized that greater parenting lability would be associated with higher daily average of and greater daily fluctuations in adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems. Additionally, we expected that higher daily average of and greater daily fluctuations in adolescent problems would be linked to greater parenting lability. A total of 99 Canadian parent–adolescent dyads participated in a 30-day daily diary study. Six families who participated for fewer than five days were excluded from subsequent analyses to ensure adequate statistical power (Asparouhov & Muthén, 2022). The final analytic sample consisted of 93 Canadian adolescents (12–17 years old, M = 14.48, SD = 1.78, 54.80% female) and one of their parents (30–60 years old, M = 43.80, SD = 6.27, 72.80% female). Participants who provided online consent or assent completed an online baseline survey. The daily online survey was sent out via email at 5 pm, and participants were instructed to complete the survey before their bedtime. The daily survey assessed various daily behaviors and experiences of both parents and adolescents, such as parent–child interactions, emotional and behavioral problems, and interpersonal interactions. The results suggest that daily parenting lability was more associated with daily adolescent externalizing problems based on parent-reports, and such associations tended to be quadratic: moderate parenting lability was linked to elevated externalizing problems whereas low and high parenting lability were associated with fewer externalizing problems (Table 1). Daily parenting lability was also associated with more fluctuations in daily adolescent externalizing problems, primarily evident for psychological control based on parent-reports. In turn, daily adolescent externalizing problems contributed to lability in psychological control and positive parenting. Daily fluctuations in adolescent problems were more associated with lability in psychological control based on parent-reports, and the associations demonstrated a U-shape pattern: moderate fluctuations were linked to less lability in psychological control whereas low and high fluctuations were associated with greater lability in psychological control (Table 2). These findings unveiled preliminary evidence in support of domain-specificity and informant discrepancies in the daily dynamics between parenting lability and adolescent maladjustment. |
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| Paper #2 | |
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| Cortisol in Rural Chinese Adolescents: A Daily Investigation of Individual and Best Friend Psychosocial Stress | |
| Author information | Role |
| Jiaxuan Zhao, Michigan State University, United States | Presenting author |
| Youchuan Zhang, Michigan State University, United States | Non-presenting author |
| Jiayi Liu, Michigan State University, United States | Non-presenting author |
| Mingzhang Chen, University of Alberta, Canada | Non-presenting author |
| Yijie Wang, Michigan State University, United States | Non-presenting author |
| Abstract | |
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Background. Psychosocial stress can negatively influence cortisol regulation in adolescents (Zajkowska et al., 2021). Previous research on adolescent cortisol output has primarily focused on individual experiences of psychosocial stress, with limited attention to the psychosocial stress experienced by adolescents’ significant others, such as best friends (Engert et al., 2014). Moreover, existing research has been primarily conducted within Western cultures, with a dearth of research on adolescents’ cortisol output in response to psychosocial stress in other cultural contexts. Combining a daily diary design with peer nomination data, this study addresses these gaps by examining how, on a daily basis, the negative psychosocial experiences (loneliness, negative mood, discrimination) of both an individual adolescent (IA) and their best friend (BF) are associated with the IA’s diurnal cortisol output. The study focuses specifically on a sample of rural Chinese adolescents attending boarding schools, a common developmental and educational setting in rural China, where peer relationships are particularly salient. Methods. Data were drawn from a larger project involving 90 7th and 8th graders (Mage = 13.69) at a rural middle school in southwest China. Participants provided three cortisol samples (upon waking in the morning, 30 minutes after waking, and before bedtime) over three consecutive days. Diurnal cortisol output was assessed using four indicators: waketime cortisol, bedtime cortisol, cortisol awakening response (CAR; the change from awakening to 30 minutes later; Stalder et al., 2016), and cortisol slope (the change in cortisol from the waketime to the bedtime sample; Fekedulegn, 2007). Participants nominated their best friend in the classroom, and both IA and the nominated BF reported daily negative psychosocial experiences, including loneliness, negative mood, perceived discrimination. Covariates at the within-person level included day in the study, while between-person level included gender, age, family structure, parental migration status, and boarding status. Results. All analyses were conducted in multilevel structural equation modeling in Mplus 8.8. We examined the within-person daily associations between BF’s and IA’s negative psychosocial experiences and IAs’ cortisol levels (see Figure 1 for conceptual model). Three separate models were fitted to examine the effects of daily negative psychosocial experiences on 1) same-day bedtime cortisol and diurnal slope, 2) next-day waking cortisol and next-day CAR, and 3) next-day bedtime cortisol and diurnal slope. Results (see Table 1) indicated that, BF’s loneliness was associated with multiple cortisol indicators, including lower same-day (bedtime, slope) and next-day (lower waketime, higher CAR and slope) cortisol levels in IA. Moreover, IA’ own loneliness was linked to their lower same-day bedtime cortisol and higher next-day cortisol slope. BF’s negative mood was also associated with IA’s lower same-day bedtime cortisol. IA’s own negative mood, BF’s perceived discrimination, and IA’s perceived discrimination were not associated with any cortisol indicators. Conclusion. The findings highlight loneliness, particularly the best friend’s loneliness, as especially relevant for individual adolescent’s diurnal cortisol output dysregulation. Loneliness is considered a salient mental health issue among rural Chinese adolescents (Chai et al., 2019). Future interventions should target loneliness and consider incorporating peer networks to promote youth health. |
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| Paper #3 | |
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| Daily Connection with Family and Friends in Relation to Adolescent Affects: Moderating by Social Need | |
| Author information | Role |
| Yuan Zhang, Ph.D., Arizona State University, United States | Presenting author |
| Mengya Xia, Arizona State University, United States | Non-presenting author |
| Caleb Coates, Arizona State University, United States | Non-presenting author |
| Abstract | |
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Adolescence is a sensitive developmental period marked by substantial and rapid changes in social connections with family and friends (Lam et al., 2014). Social connections (SC) in different domains have been increasingly recognized as important for adolescent emotional well-being. Social connection is a multi-faceted construct, encompassing quantity, quality, and needs (Xia & Hudac, 2023). However, the interaction between different SC facets, particularly how SC need moderates the relationship between SC quality/quantity and adolescent emotional well-being, remains unclear. Even less is known about whether these interactions differ between family and friend domains. This study aims to address this gap by exploring the associations between daily SC quantity, SC quality, and adolescent positive/negative affects, with a focus on how SC need moderates the association. This study involved 120 adolescents (Mage = 14.99, SD = 1.62; 64% male) who completed online surveys over a 14-day diary protocol. There were 50.83% White, 24.1% Black/African American, 16.67% Latinx, 5.8% Bi/Multi-racial, 5% Asian, and 0.8% another race/ethnicity. Each day, participants reported on their SC quantity (number of hours spent with family/friend), SC quality, SC need, and positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA). In both family and friend domains, multilevel modeling (MLM) was employed to examine how within- and between-individual levels’ SC quality, quantity, and need in that domain were associated with adolescent daily PA and NA, and how SC need may moderate these associations. Table 1 presents the main effects of SC quality and quantity, controlling for SC need. At within- level, on the days when adolescents have higher than usual SC quality in either domain, they had higher PA and lower NA that day; on the days when they had higher than usual SC quantity in friend domain, they had higher PA that day. At between-level, adolescents with generally high SC quality in family domain had higher PA and lower NA; adolescents with generally high SC quality in friend domain had higher PA; adolescents’ general SC quantity in either domain did not significantly predict either PA or NA. Findings suggested that SC quality (rather quantity) plays a crucial role in adolescent’s emotional well-being. Figure 1 presents the significant moderating role of between-level SC need. For adolescents with a heightened SC need with family/friend, the positive association between SC quality and daily emotions were stronger than those with a weaker SC need (1a-1d). This suggested that the desire to connect with family and friends amplifies the benefits of their high-quality relationships. The interaction between SC quantity and SC need revealed complex situation: in family domain, only adolescents with a stronger need benefited from a greater amount of SC with their family (1e). In friend domain, a greater amount of SC with friends would undermine emotional well-being for adolescents with a weaker SC need (1f-1g). These findings underscore the importance of prioritizing SC quality for adolescents and the nuanced role of SC quantity. Interventions focusing on fostering deeper, more meaningful relationships rather than simply increasing social interaction duration would be more effective. |
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| Paper #4 | |
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| Reciprocity Between Adolescent Social Connection and Well-Being: Using Vector Autoregressive Modeling in Daily Diary Design | |
| Author information | Role |
| Mengya Xia, Arizona State University, United States | Presenting author |
| Caleb Coates, Arizona State University, United States | Non-presenting author |
| Abstract | |
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The intertwined relationship between social connection (SC) and well-being (WB) is an important topic, especially during adolescence, a developmental stage marked by significant changes in their social interactions in family and peer domains, which significantly predict both positive and negative aspects of WB (Rose et al., 2019). With previous research primarily focused on SC-WB at the macro time scale, little is known about their daily processes at the micro time scale. Another less known question is the directionality between SC and WB. Since WB is often of interest as an outcome, most studies placed SC as the predictor and WB as the outcome. More nuanced knowledge of the daily SC-WB association and its directionality is critical for light-touch intervention design to identify the effective intervening component at the right time to boost adolescent daily social life and well-being. Guided by the tripartite model of SC (Xia & Hudac, 2023), this study aims to explore the daily associations between three facets of SC (quality, quantity, and need) and two dimensions of WB (life satisfaction and perceived stress) in both concurrent and lagged days. A sample of 120 adolescents completed 14-day diary (Mage = 14.99, SD = 1.62; 64% male; 50.83% White). Each day, adolescent reported their SC quality, SC quantity (number of people they interacted with virtually and in person, respectively), SC need, as well as life satisfaction and stress. Four vector autoregressive models—SC quantity virtually vs. in-person (2) X life satisfaction vs. stress (2)—were used to examine all variables’ concurrent- and lagged-day associations at the within-individual level and the associations among their levels and inertias at the between-individual level. At the within-individual level, SC need was significantly related to SC quality and SC quantity on the same day in all four models, WB significantly was related to same-day SC quality and SC need in the expected directions in most tested models. For the lagged day effects, except for one life satisfaction path, all stability paths for all variables were significantly positive. A common lagged-effect appeared consistently in three out of four models was that higher levels of life satisfaction and stress significantly predicted increases in SC need the next day. Other significant lagged effects only appeared in one of the models, including SC quality predicted increases in SC need the next day (Figure 1 top-left), SC need predicted increases in SC quality the next day (Figure 1 bottom-right); life satisfaction (Figure 1 bottom-left) and stress (Figure 1 top-right) predicted increases and decreases in SC quality the next day respectively. At the between-individual level, there was a strong positive correlation between the level of SC need and SC quality; and there was a strong positive (negative) correlation between life satisfaction (stress) and the level and inertia of SC quality. These findings were consistent across all four models. Overall, findings highlighted the reciprocity between adolescent SC and WB on concurrent and lagged days, and the importance of consistent high-quality SC for adolescent WB. Implications for light-touch just-in-time intervention design were discussed accordingly. |
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Daily Social Processes for Adolescent Development: Leveraging Diverse Methodological Approaches in Daily Diary Design
Submission Type
Paper Symposium
Description
| Session Title | Daily Social Processes for Adolescent Development: Leveraging Diverse Methodological Approaches in Daily Diary Design |